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How to Identify and Resolve Common Issues ?
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After periods of wet and windy weather, condensation and moisture can develop on your car`s spark plugs, and other areas of the engine. If this moisture is ignored, permanent damage can occur to your car – leading to expensive repairs.
Soft, black, sooty dry deposits on plug indicate carbon fouling. Carbon fouling is an indication of a rich air-fuel mixture, weak ignition, or improper heat range (too cold). Carbon deposits are conductive and can create a path for spark plug misfire.
If no spark appears, check for broken wires, shorts, grounds or a defective stop switch. Once you have confirmed that the stop switch is working, reconnect the spark plug lead.
Appearance & Symptoms: Dry fouling (top) appears as sooty, black build-up. Wet fouling (bottom) has a wet, sometimes oily appearance. Both conditions can create poor starting and misfiring.
Water intrusion is an unlikely, and therefore, overlooked cause of ignition coil damage. In some vehicles, A/C condensation can build up and drip directly onto ignition coils, filling up spark plug holes with water.
Causes of a carbon-fouled spark plug include a dirty air filter, excessive driving at low speeds, too rich of a fuel/air mixture, dirty fuel injectors or idling your vehicle for too long.
Soot is a by-product of combustion and is present in all used engine oils. Soot is generated as a result of incomplete fuel combustion in engines. When the air and fuel mixture that powers the engine fails to burn completely there is leftover matter – partially burned fuel which is generally known as soot.
A Bad Crankshaft Position Sensor The crankshaft position sensor monitors the position and rotational speeds of the crankshaft. Without the crank sensor, the engine control module (ECM) wouldn`t know when to fire the fuel injectors and ignite the spark plugs.
Bad Sensors
One common culprit for this problem is the crankshaft position sensor, which measures the position and speed of the crankshaft. The computer uses the information from this sensor to know when to fire the spark plugs. If the sensor isn`t working, the spark plugs won`t fire, keeping the engine from starting.
To fix a flooded engine, you basically want to get the air to fuel ratio back to its usual balance. You can first try to simply let the excess fuel evaporate. Open your hood and wait a couple minutes before you try to start your car again. And when you do start it back up, make sure you aren`t pushing on the gas pedal.
The relationship between crank and cam timing events can also cause no spark, especially on Chrysler products. On these vehicles, the PCM won`t trigger the ignition coil if the cam and crank are out-of-sync.
What kills ignition coils is location; being mounted in one of the hottest, most vibration prone and dirtiest parts of the engine. Modern ignition coils are typically located between two camshafts on the valve cover and exposed to dirt and oil.
Abnormally high or abnormally low ambient temperatures to which a solenoid is exposed for an extended time may cause a solenoid to burn out. High Temperature. Coil insulation may be damaged and one layer of wire may short to the next layer. A heat shield or baffle will give some protection against radiated heat.
If spark plugs are installed over the recommended torque, the plugs will be subject to high stress loads, which can trigger a wide range of issues. The most visible effect will be damage to the plug itself, in particular deformation to the metal housing, which can lead to thread damage and breakage.
Continuing to drive on worn out or damaged spark plugs can ultimately cause engine damage, so don`t put it off.
This method involves looking at the base of the spark plug insulator (white part of the plug) for a slight coloring on the insulator just above where the insulator comes through the steel case. If the mixture is too lean, it will leave no color, while a rich mixture will cause the fuel ring to become more prominent.
Incomplete combustion occurs and soot is formed when there is an overabundance of fuel (both diesel fuel and lube oil), insufficient residence time in the combustion zone, and/or non-availability of sufficient oxidants. Over-fueling is the primary cause of black smoke from the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel engine.
The soot particles ignite at a temperature of about 600 – 650°C, which is higher than the normal exhaust temperatures of Diesel engines (360°C – 400°C).
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Danger Level: Medium. If your exhaust pipe is emitting black smoke, it`s likely because the fuel/air mixture is too rich. In order to combust properly, your engine needs a precise mixture of fuel and air. The mixture is “rich” when it has too much fuel or too little air.
External Input Triggers
A sensor can be triggered from an external source, such as a photocell. An external input can also be used to enable when time or encoder triggering is active. For example, as long as a target is detected by a photocell, the external input would enable internal triggering of scans.
If an oxygen sensor or mass airflow sensor is failing, it could give incorrect data to your engine`s computer, causing the misfire. When a vacuum line is broken, it can cause a fuel-injected motor to misfire.
Sensors that are installed or attached to the engine/transmission, or to other external areas of the vehicle like tires, are more susceptible to damage due to the number of elements they can encounter on a daily basis. Exposure to extreme heat and cold, as well as rain and debris are enemies to many parts of a car.
The O2 sensor will not cause the no start. The no start can be caused by the fuel pump or the ignition system. You should check the engine for spark and fuel pressure, when it is not turning on to help narrow the problem down. The ignition system may be the coil, module, or pick up in the distributor.